REVERSE DOMESTIC OSMOSIS

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Domestic reverse osmosis is a process used in water purification systems to remove impurities and contaminants from drinking water.

Domestic osmosis works by applying pressure to water through a semi-permeable membrane to separate contaminants and produce clean water.

The domestic reverse osmosis process is carried out as follows:

1. Pretreatment: Before the water enters the reverse osmosis system, it typically undergoes pretreatment. This can include the removal of large particles, such as sediment and organic matter, through the use of sediment filters and activated carbon filters. These filters help extend the life of the reverse osmosis membrane and improve its efficiency.
2. Pressurization: Once the water has been pre-treated, it is subjected to pressurization using a high-pressure pump. The applied pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure of the water, allowing the water to flow through the semi-permeable membrane.
3. Reverse Osmosis Membrane: Pressurized water is passed through a semi-permeable membrane. This membrane has very small pores that only allow water molecules to pass through, while blocking most contaminants, such as salts, heavy metals, bacteria, and viruses. The reverse osmosis membrane acts as a physical barrier, retaining contaminants and allowing only purified water to pass through.
4. Water Separation: As the pressurized water flows through the reverse osmosis membrane, it is separated into two streams: the permeate and the concentrate. The permeate is the purified water that has passed through the membrane, while the concentrate contains the contaminants rejected by the membrane. The concentrate is normally discharged as a waste.
5. Storage and supply: The purified water, the permeate, is collected and stored in a pressurized storage tank. This tank is usually located under the kitchen sink or in an accessible location. From this tank, purified water is supplied through a dedicated tap for use in the kitchen or other consumption points.

Domestic reverse osmosis is an effective method of purifying water, as it can remove a wide range of contaminants, including chemicals, sediment, salts, microorganisms, and suspended particles. However, it is important to note that it also removes essential minerals from the water, which is why some reverse osmosis units incorporate additional stages to remineralize the water prior to consumption.