IRRIGATION PROGRAMMER TRANSFORMER

The transformer for the irrigation programmer consists of an electrical element that allows the voltage to be increased or decreased in an alternating current electrical circuit, while maintaining power. The power that enters the equipment, in the case of an ideal transformer (that is, without losses), is equal to that obtained at the output. Real machines have a small percentage of losses, depending on their design and size, among other factors.

The transformer is a device that converts alternating electrical energy of a certain voltage level into alternating energy of another voltage level, based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. It is made up of two coils of conductive material, wound on a closed core of ferromagnetic material, but electrically isolated from each other. The only connection between the coils is the common magnetic flux established in the core. The core is generally made of either iron or stacked sheets of electrical steel, an appropriate alloy to optimize the magnetic flux. The coils or windings are called primary and secondary depending on whether they correspond to the input or output of the system in question, respectively. There are also transformers with more windings; In this case, there may be a “tertiary” winding, with lower voltage than the secondary one.

The operation of transformers is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, whose mathematical explanation is summarized in Maxwell's equations.

By applying an electromotive force in the primary or inductor winding, produced by the electric current that passes through it, a magnetic flux is inducted in the iron core.

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